Extrapolating on the principles used for cubing, to get the fourth power of a number (of two or more digits), simplify by splitting the number into two parts, a and b.
Thus (a + b)
4 =
a4 + 4a3b + 6a2b2 + 4ab3 + b4
The solution comprises five parts, neatly fitting the five boxes shown above. Just adjust for excess carry over.
- a4
- a3 x b x 4
- a2 x b2 x 6
- b3 x a x 4
- b4
A simple example to illustrate this technique.
23
4 = 279841
The steps are:
- 34 = 81, put down the 1 in the rightmost box and carry over the 8
- 33 x 2 x 4 = 216, plus the 8 carried over is 224, put down the 4 and carry over the 22
- 22 x 32 x 6 = 216, plus the 22 carried over is 238, put down the 8 and carry over the 23
- 23 x 3 x 4 = 96, plus the 23 carried over is 119, put down the 9 and carry over the 11
- 24 = 16, plus the 11 carried over, is 27 in the leftmost box
Another example.
108
4 = 136048896
The steps are:
- 84 = 4096, put down the 6 in the rightmost box and carry over the 409
- 83 x 10 x 4 = 20480, plus the 409 carried over is 20889, put down the 9 and carry over the 2088
- 102 x 82 x 6 = 38400, plus the 2088 carried over is 40488, put down the 8 and carry over the 4048
- 103 x 8 x 4 = 32000, plus the 4048 carried over is 36048, put down the 8 and carry over the 3604
- 104 = 10000, plus the 3604 carried over, is 13604 in the leftmost box
That's a hundred million-dollar figure worked out manually!